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The decision by the Cabinet Committee of Security (CCS) came a day after the terror attack in Pahalgam
The pact sought to divide the water of the Indus river and its tributaries equitably among the two countries. Representational pic/PTI
India’s suspension of the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT), one of the world’s most successful water-sharing agreements, has significant implications for Pakistan. The treaty, signed in 1960 by India and Pakistan and brokered by the World Bank, divides the Indus River system’s six rivers between the two nations.
The decision by the Cabinet Committee of Security (CCS) came a day after the terror attack in Pahalgam that reignited calls to revisit the decades-old water-sharing agreement with Pakistan.
About the treaty
The IWT allocates the eastern rivers (Ravi, Beas, Sutlej) to India and the western rivers (Indus, Jhelum, Chenab) to Pakistan. While India can utilise the western rivers for limited non-consumptive purposes, such as hydroelectric generation that doesn’t affect the flow, Pakistan relies heavily on these rivers for its water needs.
The IWT’s significance stems from its resilience, having endured wars and conflicts between India and Pakistan. It stands as a testament to successful transboundary water management.
Impact on Pakistan
India’s decision to suspend the IWT could lead to severe water shortages in Pakistan. With approximately 80% of its water supply originating from the Indus and its tributaries, Pakistan’s agricultural, economic, and environmental sectors face substantial risks.
Parched Pak: Pakistan relies heavily on the Indus River system for its water needs. The suspension of the treaty could disrupt water flow, leading to widespread shortages.
Agricultural Risk: Agriculture, a cornerstone of Pakistan’s economy, is particularly vulnerable. Key crops like wheat, rice, and cotton require significant irrigation. Water shortages could result in crop failures, threatening food security and livelihoods.
Economic Blow: Agriculture contributes around 20% to Pakistan’s GDP and employs approximately 40% of its workforce. Disruptions to this sector would have cascading effects on the national economy, potentially increasing unemployment and poverty.
Energy Crisis: Many of Pakistan’s dams, including the Tarbela and Mangla dams, depend on the Indus River’s flow for hydroelectric power generation. Reduced water flow could exacerbate Pakistan’s existing energy crisis, leading to power shortages and hindering economic activity.
Food Insecurity: Water shortages and potential crop failures could lead to food inflation and increased reliance on imports, further straining Pakistan’s economy.
Sources in Pakistan say the suspension of the IWT raises concerns about potential environmental consequences. Reduced water flow in the Indus River system could harm ecosystems, impacting biodiversity and the livelihoods of communities dependent on the river’s resources.
