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Unlike COVID-19, HMPV is not a new virus. It has been in circulation globally, including India, for years
Prominent biologist Dr Shekhar Mande told News18 that HMPV has been treated so ordinarily, similar to the common cold virus, that no one has ever paid much attention to its circulation. (Pixabay)
The recent surge in HMPV (Human Metapneumovirus) cases in China has raised concerns, with some speculating that it could become a global health crisis similar to COVID-19. However, Dr. Vikas Mittal, a pulmonologist at the CK Birla Hospital, provides clarity on the situation and explains why HMPV is not likely to follow the same trajectory as COVID-19.
“Unlike COVID-19, HMPV is not a new virus. It has been in circulation globally, including India, for years. The current surge of HMPV cases in China has raised concerns, but available data suggests it primarily causes mild respiratory illnesses, with severe cases occurring mostly in high-risk groups. Unlike COVID-19, which caused widespread outbreaks due to lack of immunity, HMPV benefits from existing immunity in the community, reducing its ability to spread rapidly. HMPV infections typically present symptoms similar to the common cold or flu, including cough, nasal congestion, and fever. Severe cases may involve pneumonia and respiratory distress, particularly in infants, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals, but the virus has not shown the same pandemic potential as COVID-19.”
Dr. Mittal further explains that there is no evidence of significant mutations in HMPV that would increase its virulence or transmissibility. While the exact situation in China remains unclear due to limited data, historical trends indicate that HMPV is unlikely to escalate into a global health crisis. “While vigilance is essential, preventive measures such as proper hygiene, wearing masks when symptomatic, and isolating infected individuals can help control its spread. Public health authorities are monitoring the situation closely, and ongoing research aims to develop vaccines and antiviral therapies. Given that HMPV is an older virus with pre-existing immunity in most populations, it poses a manageable risk rather than a large-scale threat. Continued surveillance and public health preparedness remain vital to address any unexpected developments and prevent potential outbreaks.”
It is important to note that the global focus on HMPV is being driven by the current rise in cases, particularly in China. However, much like other seasonal viruses, this surge could be attributed to environmental and social factors that influence transmission patterns. Despite the alarm, it is crucial to remember that most cases of HMPV resolve without complications. The virus typically circulates in cooler months, leading to seasonal upticks in cases, but it generally remains under control, especially in regions with strong healthcare infrastructure.
Furthermore, as more data becomes available from ongoing studies, it will provide a clearer picture of the virus’s behavior and any potential changes in its clinical presentation or transmission dynamics. Public health authorities continue to evaluate any emerging risks, but for now, HMPV remains a manageable concern that is unlikely to replicate the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic.
