Let’s Talk Sex | Is Mpox an STI? Facts About This Viral Infection

In this article, we will provide you with a comprehensive understanding of Mpox, its transmission methods, and its relationship to sexual health.

As you navigate the ever-evolving landscape of public health, you may find yourself questioning the nature of emerging infectious diseases. One such condition that has garnered significant attention is Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox. Mpox is a viral infection caused by the monkeypox virus, which belongs to the same family as the virus that causes smallpox. First discovered in 1958 in research monkeys, Mpox has since evolved into a zoonotic disease affecting humans. While its exact origin remains unknown, scientists suspect African rodents and non-human primates may serve as natural reservoirs for the virus. Mpox is classified into two distinct clades:

Clade I: Primarily found in Central Africa, associated with more severe illnesses.

Clade II: Generally results in milder infections and was responsible for the global outbreak that began in 2022.

Understanding the nature and origins of Mpox is crucial for effective prevention and control strategies. While not typically classified as an STI, recent outbreaks have highlighted the potential for transmission through close physical contact, including sexual activity.

How is Mpox Transmitted?

Mpox primarily spreads through close physical contact with an infected person. This includes skin-to-skin contact, kissing, and face-to-face interactions that can generate infectious respiratory particles. The virus can also spread through contact with contaminated objects, surfaces, clothing, and bedding. During the recent global outbreak, Mpox has predominantly spread through sexual contact. Studies have shown that 84-100 per cent of cases reported recent sexual activity prior to symptom onset. The virus has been detected in sexual fluids like semen, and laboratory studies have confirmed its infectiousness.

Is Mpox an STI?

While Mpox is not currently classified as a sexually transmitted infection (STI), it can spread through intimate or sexual contact. The high proportion of cases linked to sexual activity and similarities to other recognised STIs have led some experts to argue for its categorisation as an STI. Labelling Mpox as an STI could help focus public health interventions, such as targeted vaccination, testing, and treatment. However, careful messaging is needed to avoid increasing stigma, which could potentially lead to reduced healthcare-seeking and partner notification.

Common Symptoms of Mpox

Telltale Rash: The hallmark symptom of mpox is a distinctive rash that progresses through several stages. It typically begins as flat, red bumps that develop into fluid-filled blisters. These lesions eventually form scabs before falling off. The rash can appear on various parts of the body, including the face, hands, feet, mouth, and genital areas. Some individuals may have only a few lesions, while others can develop hundreds.

Flu-like Symptoms: Before or alongside the rash, many people experience flu-like symptoms. These may include:

• Fever
• Chills
• Headache
• Muscle aches
• Fatigue
• Swollen lymph nodes

According to the World Health Organisation, these symptoms typically appear within 21 days of exposure to the Mpox virus. While Mpox is generally milder than smallpox, it can still cause significant discomfort. The Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) notes that the illness typically lasts 2-4 weeks. However, certain groups, such as children, pregnant individuals, and those with weakened immune systems, may be at higher risk for severe complications. These can include secondary skin infections, pneumonia, and in rare cases, encephalitis.

Protecting Yourself from Mpox

Mpox, while not traditionally classified as an STI, can spread through close physical contact, including sexual activity. To protect yourself, it’s crucial to understand how the virus transmits. Mpox primarily spreads through direct contact with infectious rashes, scabs, or bodily fluids. It can also spread through respiratory secretions during prolonged face-to-face contact.

If you suspect you have contracted Mpox, it’s crucial to seek medical attention promptly. While there is currently no specific treatment approved for Mpox, several options are available to manage symptoms and prevent complications. Your healthcare provider may recommend supportive care to alleviate discomfort and maintain proper nutrition and hydration.

To reduce your risk of contracting Mpox:

• Practice safe sex and use barrier methods like condoms
• Avoid skin-to-skin contact with people who have a rash that looks like Mpox
• Wash your hands frequently with soap and water
• Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces

Remember, while these measures can help, they don’t guarantee complete protection against Mpox.

Preventive Measures and Vaccination

Prevention plays a key role in managing Mpox. Vaccination is recommended for high-risk groups, including healthcare workers and close contacts of confirmed cases. If you’ve been exposed to Mpox, consult your healthcare provider about post-exposure prophylaxis. Vaccination within 4 days of exposure may help prevent infection or reduce symptom severity.

Conclusion

As you’ve learned, while Mpox can be transmitted through sexual contact, it is not classified as a traditional STI. Understanding the facts about Mpox transmission, symptoms, and prevention is crucial for protecting yourself and others. By staying informed, practicing good hygiene, and following public health guidelines, you can reduce your risk of contracting or spreading the virus. Remember, anyone can get Mpox, regardless of sexual orientation or practices.

If you suspect you’ve been exposed or are experiencing symptoms, consult a healthcare provider promptly. Ongoing research and vaccination efforts continue to improve our ability to manage and prevent Mpox outbreaks. Stay vigilant and prioritise your health to help curb the spread of this viral infection.