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If you are a woman over 30 years or if you care for someone who is, consider discussing cervical cancer screening with a healthcare provider
While HPV infections are quite common and often resolve on their own, when they persist, they can lead to the development of cervical cancer over time.
Cervical cancer may be the second most common cancer among women in India, but it’s also one of the most preventable and treatable especially when detected early. In fact, up to 95% of cases can be successfully managed with timely screening. Yet, thousands of women delay or avoid it altogether. The reasons are not always medical. In many cases, they are emotional, social, and deeply cultural. From stigma around reproductive health to a lack of awareness about symptoms like irregular bleeding or unusual discharge, these silent barriers are especially pronounced in semi-urban and rural areas, where the disease burden is higher. Despite government guidelines recommending screening every five years for women aged 30 onwards, participation remains worryingly low.
“Cervical cancer’s burden in India is compounded by low awareness, stigma, and emotional inhibition—women often dismiss early symptoms or delay screening out of fear or shame, not realizing risk exists even without symptoms. Changing this conversation and normalizing regular, symptom-free screening from age 30 is vital to empower women to prioritize their health and improve survival outcomes,” says Dr Sonia Mathai, Gynaecological Oncologist, Preventive Oncology, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata.
Dr Mathai shares five of the most significant reasons Indian women delay or avoid cervical cancer screening, along with practical strategies for overcoming these challenges:
1. Low Awareness and Prevalent Myths
Many Indian women are unaware that cervical cancer develops in the cervix uteri, the lower part of the uterus connecting to the vagina or what its early warning signs might be. Even basic knowledge about the location of the cervix and the importance of regular screening remains limited for a large proportion of women. Misconceptions are widespread: some believe screening is only necessary when symptoms are present, or only for sexually active women, while others think it is unnecessary for postmenopausal women. Myths and misinformation persist across both urban and rural communities.
Strategic educational programs implemented through schools, social media outreach, and trained community health workers play a crucial role in bridging these knowledge gaps. Consistent, clear information and first-hand survivor accounts can empower women to recognize the importance of screening and prioritize their health, especially in the absence of symptoms. Regular reinforcement and targeted health education have been shown to significantly increase awareness and improve attitudes toward cervical cancer prevention and screening among Indian women.
2. Social Stigma and Embarrassment
For many, gynecological health remains a taboo subject. Conversations about reproductive organs or undergoing a pelvic exam often brings discomfort, amplified by fears of social judgment especially when healthcare providers are male. Many women opt to skip or delay screening rather than risk embarrassment.
Building trust is key: clinics should offer privacy, women-only sessions where required, and train staff in empathy and discretion. When media and local leaders openly discuss cervical health, it helps dismantle negative perceptions and makes regular screening more acceptable.
3. Fear of Procedure or Diagnosis
Anxiety about pain, unfamiliar medical procedures, or the result of screening keeps many women away. Some worry that the tests will be painful or complicated, while others fear the implications of a potential diagnosis, both for themselves and their families.
Demystifying the procedures is essential. Explaining that VIA, Pap, and HPV test as screening tests are quick; low-risk procedures can help to reduce anxiety. Providing counseling before and after screening supports women emotionally and encourages participation. Sharing positive stories about early detection can inspire confidence and hope.
4. Inconvenient or Limited Access
Many women face tangible challenges: distance to clinics, lack of safe transportation, limited opening hours, long wait times, or scarcity of female healthcare providers. These logistical barriers are particularly pronounced in rural and low-income urban areas.
Innovative solutions such as mobile clinics, point-of-care rapid tests, and integration of screening with other health services are gradually making a difference. Flexible scheduling and expanding clinic hours can further reduce hurdles, helping lifesaving screening reach more women.
5. Limited Recommendation from Healthcare Providers
While many women visit healthcare facilities for other concerns, the topic of cervical screening is rarely raised especially if the woman has no symptoms. Missed opportunities for recommendation by healthcare professionals perpetuate low uptake.
Training all health workers to proactively discuss screening and integrating reminders into routine checkups for women aged 30–65 can bridge this gap. Making cervical screening a standard part of women’s healthcare will help normalize preventive care.
The Path Forward
The good news is that India is making strides in awareness and access. The government recommends regular screening, and new indigenous test kits are set to reduce costs and broaden availability—even for women in remote settings. Acceptability of self-sampling is increasing, making it easier for women in rural or lower-income areas to participate without embarrassment or logistical hassle. To truly move the needle, however, targeted education, improved infrastructure, supportive policies, and community-level outreach remain essential.
If you are a woman over 30 years or if you care for someone who is, consider discussing cervical cancer screening with a healthcare provider. Early detection remains the most effective tool in the fight against this disease.
Swati Chaturvedi, a seasoned media and journalism aficionado with over 10 years of expertise, is not just a storyteller; she’s a weaver of wit and wisdom in the digital landscape. As a key figure in News18 Engl…Read More
Swati Chaturvedi, a seasoned media and journalism aficionado with over 10 years of expertise, is not just a storyteller; she’s a weaver of wit and wisdom in the digital landscape. As a key figure in News18 Engl… Read More
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